Escherichia coli (EC or E-coli) bacteria tests in water indicate the presence of (or depending on the test performed, the count or level of colony forming units of) Escherichia coli. If water "faIls" an E-coli test, the water is not safe to drink. Escherichia coli is a specific indicator of the presence of humanh or animal fecal waste E. coli can cause urinary tract infections, diarrhea and can lead to kidney damage in extreme cases. (Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc./Visuals Unlimited, Inc.) groups are all generally transmitted through contaminated food and water (Gerba et al, 2009 and Vieira et al, 2007). A well-known type of EHEC is E. coli O157:H7, a particularly dangerous 1. Recent rain. When it rains, water runs over the ground, picks up E.coli and carries it to ponds, lakes, streams and rivers. 2. Large presence of waterfowl. Bird feces contribute both bacteria and pathogens to the water. 3. Many people. There’s a correlation between the number of people at beaches and high bacteria counts in the water. Bacteria (mostly gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae) inhabiting the GI tract produce urease that hydrolyzes urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia . Other bacterial strains e.g., E. coli and Salmonella enterica are able to form ammonia from cysteine by cysteine desulfhydrase . Moreover, E. coli can also reduce nitrates to ammonia . E. coli is a more specific indicator of fecal contamination and is a potentially more harmful pathogen than other bacteria typically found in the total coliform group. The presence of coliform bacteria in tap water suggests that there could be a problem with existing equipment or treatment systems, contamination of the source water or a breach . Different strains of pathogenic E. coli may use one or more of these methods to remain in the intestines. Pathogenic E. coli cause illness by disrupting the normal function of the intestines. Diarrheal symptoms result when E. coli cause cells in the intestine to absorb less water, or release water into the intestine. Raw milk can carry dangerous bacteria such as Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, Campylobacter, and others that cause foodborne illness, often called “food poisoning.”. These bacteria can However, if your meat is contaminated with pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella, staphylococcus, clostridium or E. coli, you can become very sick from food poisoning. The Mayo Clinic says that food poisoning can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal issues. E. coli can cause urinary tract infections, diarrhea and can lead to kidney damage in extreme cases. (Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc./Visuals Unlimited, Inc.) groups are all generally transmitted through contaminated food and water (Gerba et al, 2009 and Vieira et al, 2007). A well-known type of EHEC is E. coli O157:H7, a particularly dangerous The problem is that diarrhea is a primary symptom of food poisoning regardless of the bacteria responsible for the infection. And without seeing a doctor and getting a test, someone suffering from food poisoning has no idea if the source of the foodborne illness is E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria, Campylobacter, another bacteria, a virus or a

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